Financial Regulators Directory

The Financial Conduct Authority is the principal regulatory body overseeing financial markets in the United Kingdom. Established in 2013 as a successor to the Financial Services Authority, the FCA operates independently of the UK Government and is funded entirely by fees charged to the firms it regulates. It supervises over 50,000 financial services firms and maintains one of the most rigorous compliance frameworks in the global financial industry.

The Australian Securities and Investments Commission is Australia's integrated corporate, markets, financial services, and consumer credit regulator. Founded in 1998, ASIC enforces and regulates company and financial services laws to protect Australian consumers, investors, and creditors. It is widely regarded as one of the world's most effective and transparent financial regulators.

The Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority is Switzerland's independent financial markets regulator. Established in 2009 by merging three predecessor agencies, FINMA oversees banks, insurance companies, stock exchanges, securities dealers, and collective investment schemes. FINMA is widely recognised as the most respected regulatory body in continental Europe, and its requirement that forex brokers register as banks places it among the strictest regulators globally.

The Commodity Futures Trading Commission is an independent agency of the United States Government that regulates the US derivatives markets, including futures, swaps, and certain kinds of options. Established in 1975, the CFTC enforces one of the world's strictest regulatory frameworks for forex trading, with capital requirements that far exceed most international standards.

The National Futures Association is the industry-wide, self-regulatory organisation for the US derivatives industry. Working in partnership with the CFTC, the NFA develops rules, programmes, and services to safeguard market integrity, protect investors, and help its members fulfil their regulatory obligations. NFA membership is mandatory for all entities conducting futures and forex business in the United States.

The Monetary Authority of Singapore serves as Singapore's central bank and integrated financial regulator. Established in 1971, MAS administers the various statutes pertaining to money, banking, insurance, securities, and the financial sector in general. Its dual role as central bank and financial regulator makes it uniquely positioned to maintain financial stability in one of Asia's leading financial centres.

The Japan Financial Services Agency is the government body responsible for overseeing banking, securities, exchange, and insurance sectors in Japan. Established in 2000, the JFSA ensures the stability and integrity of Japan's financial system — one of the largest and most active forex markets in the world, with Japan being the single largest retail forex trading market globally.

The Securities and Futures Commission is Hong Kong's statutory body responsible for regulating the securities and futures markets. Established in 1989, the SFC administers the laws governing the securities and futures markets in Hong Kong and facilitates the development of these markets.

The Cyprus Securities and Exchange Commission is the independent public supervisory authority responsible for the supervision of the investment services market and transactions in transferable securities in the Republic of Cyprus. As an EU member state regulator, CySEC-authorised firms benefit from MiFID II passporting rights, enabling them to offer services across the entire European Economic Area.

The Dubai Financial Services Authority is the independent regulator of financial services conducted within the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC). Established in 2004, the DFSA regulates all financial and ancillary services provided from the DIFC, operating a robust risk-based supervisory framework informed by international best practices.

The Bundesanstalt für Finanzdienstleistungsaufsicht (BaFin) is Germany's integrated financial regulatory authority. Established in 2002 through the merger of three predecessor agencies, BaFin supervises over 2,700 banks, 800 financial services institutions, and 700 insurance companies, making it one of Europe's most significant financial supervisors.

The Financial Sector Conduct Authority is South Africa's dedicated market conduct regulator for financial institutions. Established in 2018 as a successor to the Financial Services Board (FSB), the FSCA is tasked with protecting financial customers by ensuring fair treatment, honest practices, and responsible behaviour by financial services providers.

The Malta Financial Services Authority is the single regulator for financial services in Malta. Established in 2002, the MFSA oversees banking, financial services, insurance, and pensions. As a full EU member state regulator, MFSA-licensed firms benefit from MiFID II passporting across the European Economic Area.

The Autorité des Marchés Financiers is France's financial markets regulator, established in 2003. Together with the ACPR (Autorité de Contrôle Prudentiel et de Résolution), the AMF forms the dual regulatory system overseeing the French financial services sector. The AMF is particularly noted for its proactive stance in maintaining and publishing blacklists of unauthorised firms.

The Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores is the body responsible for the supervision and inspection of Spanish securities markets and the activities of all participants in those markets. Established in 1988, the CNMV oversees investment firms, collective investment institutions, and the markets themselves.

The Financial Markets Authority is New Zealand's financial markets conduct regulator. Established in 2011, the FMA is responsible for enforcing securities, financial reporting, and company law as they apply to financial services and securities markets. It oversees the licensing and conduct of financial service providers and derivatives issuers.

The Capital Markets Authority of Kenya is a statutory agency responsible for supervising, licensing, and monitoring the activities of market intermediaries and all other persons licensed under the Capital Markets Act. Established in 1989, the CMA has been instrumental in developing Kenya's capital markets infrastructure.

The Securities Commission Malaysia is a statutory body established under the Securities Commission Act 1993 to regulate and develop the Malaysian capital market. The SC oversees all matters relating to securities and futures contracts, the regulation of companies and licensees, and the development of the capital market.

The Securities and Commodities Authority is the federal regulatory body overseeing securities and commodities markets in the United Arab Emirates, excluding the Dubai International Financial Centre (which is regulated by the DFSA). Established in 2000, the SCA regulates financial activities, commodities exchanges, and clearing houses.

The Financial Supervisory Authority (Finanssivalvonta, or FIN-FSA) is the authority responsible for the supervision of Finland's financial and insurance sectors. Established in 2009, FIN-FSA operates in connection with the Bank of Finland and supervises banks, insurance companies, pension institutions, and other financial market participants.

The Financial and Capital Market Commission (FKTK) is Latvia's unified financial regulatory authority. Its mission is to regulate and supervise the functioning of the Latvian financial and capital markets, protecting the interests of investors, depositors, and insured persons while promoting the development of a stable and transparent financial system.

The Securities Market Agency (Agencija za trg vrednostnih papirjev, or ATVP) is Slovenia's regulatory authority for the securities market. Established in 1994, the ATVP supervises investment firms, fund management companies, stock exchanges, and other market participants operating in Slovenia.

The Cayman Islands Monetary Authority is the regulatory body responsible for the supervision of financial services businesses in the Cayman Islands. Established in 1997, CIMA regulates banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, money service businesses, and securities investment firms within one of the world's most prominent international financial centres.

The Securities and Exchange Board of India is the regulatory body for securities and commodity markets in India, established under the SEBI Act of 1992. SEBI's primary functions include protecting the interests of investors, regulating the securities market, and promoting the development of India's capital markets.

The Central Bank of Ireland serves as Ireland's central bank and financial regulator. With origins dating to 1943, the Central Bank is responsible for both monetary stability and the regulation of all financial service providers in Ireland. As an EU member state regulator, CBI-authorised firms can passport their services across the European Economic Area.

Bank Negara Malaysia is the central bank of Malaysia, established in 1959. BNM administers monetary policy, manages foreign reserves, regulates the financial system, and issues currency. It plays a crucial role in overseeing the stability and integrity of Malaysia's financial sector.

The Bermuda Monetary Authority is the integrated regulatory authority for the financial services sector in Bermuda. Established in 1969, the BMA supervises, regulates, and inspects financial institutions operating in or from Bermuda, including banks, investment businesses, insurance companies, and trust companies.

The Financial Services Commission of Mauritius is the integrated regulator for non-banking financial services and global business sectors in Mauritius. Established in 2001, the FSC licenses, regulates, and supervises the conduct of business activities in these sectors, contributing to Mauritius's position as a financial services hub for the Africa and India regions.

The Financial Dispute Resolution Centre is an independent body in Hong Kong that provides an alternative dispute resolution service for monetary disputes between financial institutions and their customers. While the FDRC is not a government regulator, it plays a significant role in Hong Kong's financial consumer protection ecosystem.

The Estonian Financial Supervision and Resolution Authority (Finantsinspektsioon) is the regulatory body responsible for the supervision of banking, insurance, and securities markets in Estonia. As an EU member state regulator, the EFSA operates within the European harmonised regulatory framework.

The Financial Crimes Enforcement Network is a bureau of the US Department of the Treasury. FinCEN's mission is to safeguard the financial system from illicit use, combat money laundering, and promote national security. While FinCEN does not regulate forex dealers in terms of market conduct or consumer protection, forex dealers must register with FinCEN as Money Services Businesses.

The Central Bank of Brazil (Banco Central do Brasil) is Brazil's monetary authority, responsible for monetary policy, currency issuance, financial system supervision, and foreign exchange market regulation. Established in 1964, the BCB plays a central role in regulating one of Latin America's largest and most dynamic financial markets.

The Seychelles Financial Services Authority is the financial regulatory authority of the Republic of Seychelles, established in 2013. The FSA regulates non-banking financial services including securities, insurance, and fiduciary services. Its relatively accessible licensing process and lower capital requirements have made Seychelles a popular jurisdiction for offshore forex brokers.

The British Virgin Islands Financial Services Commission is the regulatory authority responsible for the regulation, supervision, and inspection of financial services in the British Virgin Islands. Established in 2001, the BVI FSC oversees banking, insurance, fiduciary services, and investment business within the territory.

The International Financial Services Commission of Belize is the financial regulatory authority responsible for the licensing, regulation, and supervision of international financial services within Belize. Founded in 1999, the IFSC regulates market participants, exchanges, and the administration of financial regulations in this Central American jurisdiction.

The Financial Services Authority of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is the regulatory body responsible for the supervision of non-banking financial institutions in SVG. It is important to note that the SVG FSA does not issue specific forex trading licences, and many forex companies operating from SVG are registered as International Business Companies (IBCs) rather than licensed financial service providers.

The Vanuatu Financial Services Commission is the financial regulatory authority of the Republic of Vanuatu, formally established in 1993. The VFSC has become a popular licensing destination for forex brokers due to its relatively low capital requirements, fast licensing process (typically 2-3 months), and favourable tax environment with no income tax, capital gains tax, or inheritance tax.

The Labuan Financial Services Authority is the regulatory authority for the Labuan International Business and Financial Centre (Labuan IBFC), a special economic zone created by the Malaysian government in 1990 on the island of Labuan off Borneo's coast. The Labuan FSA offers a middle-ground regulatory environment with lower costs than mainland regulators but more oversight than most offshore jurisdictions.

The Mwali International Services Authority is the regulatory body for international financial services on the island of Mohéli (Mwali) in the Comoros archipelago. MISA provides licensing for international business companies, including some financial service providers. The level of regulatory oversight is minimal, and this jurisdiction is generally considered one of the least regulated options available.

The Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa (CONSOB) is Italy's public authority responsible for regulating the Italian financial markets. Established in 1974, CONSOB supervises transparency and investor protection in the Italian securities market, enforcing compliance with EU financial regulations across one of Europe's largest economies.

The European Securities and Markets Authority is an independent EU authority that contributes to safeguarding the stability of the European Union's financial system. ESMA enhances investor protection and promotes stable and orderly financial markets across all 27 EU member states. While ESMA does not directly license individual firms, its binding product intervention measures — including leverage limits and negative balance protection — apply across the entire EU.

The Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM) is an international financial centre located on Al Maryah Island in Abu Dhabi. Its Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA) regulates all financial services conducted in or from the ADGM, operating a comprehensive regulatory framework based on international best practices and underpinned by a common law legal system directly based on English law.

The Comissão do Mercado de Valores Mobiliários (CMVM) is the Portuguese securities market regulator, established in 1991. CMVM supervises and regulates securities and other financial instruments markets, the activities of entities that operate within those markets, and public offerings of securities.

The Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK), or Indonesia Financial Services Authority, is the integrated regulatory body for Indonesia's financial services sector. Established in 2011, OJK supervises banking, capital markets, insurance, pension funds, and non-bank financial institutions, serving the world's fourth most populous nation.

The Capital Markets Board (Sermaye Piyasası Kurulu, or CMB) is Turkey's regulatory and supervisory authority for the securities markets. Established in 1982, the CMB oversees capital market activities, licenses intermediary institutions, and enforces compliance with securities law across one of the most active emerging financial markets in the world.

Finanstilsynet is Norway's Financial Supervisory Authority, responsible for the supervision of banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment firms, securities markets, and financial infrastructure. Although Norway is not an EU member state, it participates in the European Economic Area and applies EU financial regulations including MiFID II.

The Danish Financial Supervisory Authority (Finanstilsynet) is the financial regulatory authority of Denmark. It supervises financial enterprises, securities trading, and financial markets, ensuring the stability and integrity of Denmark's financial system. As an EU member state regulator, it operates within the European harmonised framework.

The Croatian Financial Services Supervisory Agency (HANFA) is the regulatory body responsible for the supervision of financial services and markets in Croatia. Established in 2005, HANFA oversees investment firms, pension funds, insurance companies, and other financial market participants. As an EU member state regulator since 2013, HANFA operates within the MiFID II framework.

The Czech National Bank (Česká národní banka) serves as both the central bank and the integrated financial supervisory authority of the Czech Republic. Established in 1993, the CNB is responsible for monetary policy, financial stability, and the supervision of credit institutions, capital markets, insurance, and pension schemes.

The Jordan Securities Commission is the financial regulatory authority responsible for supervising and developing Jordan's capital market. Established in 1997, the JSC regulates securities issuance, trading activities, and the licensing of financial service providers in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.

The Securities and Exchange Regulator of Cambodia (SERC) is the regulatory authority responsible for overseeing Cambodia's securities market. Established in 2007, the SERC licenses and supervises securities firms, public listed companies, and other capital market participants in the Kingdom of Cambodia.

The Bank of Thailand is Thailand's central bank, responsible for monetary policy, financial institution supervision, and foreign exchange regulation. Established in 1942, the BOT plays a central role in maintaining the stability and integrity of Thailand's financial system, including the oversight of foreign exchange transactions and licensing of money exchange businesses.

The Central Bank of the UAE is the country's central bank and primary monetary authority, responsible for formulating and implementing monetary, banking, and credit policy. Established in 1980, the CBUAE supervises banks, exchange houses, finance companies, and payment service providers across the UAE mainland.

The Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization (CIRO) is Canada's national self-regulatory organisation, formed in 2023 from the merger of IIROC and MFDA. CIRO oversees all investment dealers, mutual fund dealers, and trading activity on Canada's debt and equity marketplaces, providing one of the most comprehensive investor protection frameworks in the Americas.

The Financial Markets Authority is New Zealand's conduct regulator for capital markets, financial services, and financial reporting. Established in 2011, the FMA enforces securities, financial reporting, and company law as they apply to financial services and securities markets. It has significantly strengthened oversight of derivatives issuers since introducing the new licensing regime in 2021.

The Authority for the Financial Markets (Autoriteit Financiële Markten) is the Dutch financial markets regulator responsible for supervising the conduct of the entire financial sector in the Netherlands. Established in 2002, the AFM ensures fair and transparent financial markets and is recognised for its proactive approach to consumer protection and market integrity enforcement.

The Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier is Luxembourg's financial regulatory authority responsible for the prudential supervision of the financial sector. Established in 1998, the CSSF oversees one of Europe's most important fund management centres and a significant banking sector, enforcing EU-harmonised regulatory standards across all financial services.

The Polish Financial Supervision Authority (Komisja Nadzoru Finansowego) is the integrated financial regulatory authority in Poland responsible for overseeing banking, capital markets, insurance, and pension funds. Established in 2006, the KNF enforces EU-harmonised regulatory standards and supervises one of Central Europe's largest and most active financial markets.

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority is the largest independent self-regulatory organisation governing the securities industry in the United States. Established in 2007 from the consolidation of NASD and NYSE member regulation, FINRA oversees approximately 3,400 broker-dealer firms and more than 600,000 registered securities representatives, operating under the oversight of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

The Hellenic Capital Market Commission is the independent supervisory authority responsible for regulating the capital markets in Greece. Established in 1996, the HCMC ensures the proper functioning and transparency of the Greek securities market, enforces investor protection measures, and maintains compliance with EU financial regulations. Greece has become a notable hub for forex and CFD broker licensing within the EU.

The Magyar Nemzeti Bank (MNB) is Hungary's central bank and integrated financial supervisory authority. Originally established in 1924, the MNB assumed financial supervisory responsibilities in 2013 when it absorbed the Hungarian Financial Supervisory Authority (PSZÁF). It now oversees all financial institutions, capital markets, and insurance companies in Hungary as part of the EU regulatory framework.

The Israel Securities Authority is the national regulator of the securities market in Israel. Established in 1968 under the Securities Law, the ISA supervises the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, mutual funds, investment advisors, and trading platforms. The ISA enacted landmark reforms in 2017-2018, banning binary options and imposing strict leverage limits on forex and CFD products to protect retail investors.

The Central Bank of Russia (Bank of Russia) is the megaregulator responsible for monetary policy and financial supervision in the Russian Federation. Since 2013, the CBR has served as the integrated financial regulator, absorbing the functions of the former Federal Financial Markets Service. The CBR implemented a forex dealer licensing regime in 2016, significantly restricting the number of legally operating forex brokers in Russia.

The Astana Financial Services Authority is the independent financial regulator of the Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) in Kazakhstan. Established in 2018, AFSA regulates and supervises financial services and related activities within the AIFC, which operates under its own common law-based legal framework modelled on best international practices, particularly the UK regulatory model.

The Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority is Dubai's dedicated regulator for virtual assets and related activities. Established in 2022 by Law No. 4 of 2022, VARA is one of the world's first standalone government authorities specifically designed to regulate virtual assets. It oversees all virtual asset service providers operating in or from the Emirate of Dubai, excluding the DIFC.

The Financial Supervision Commission of Bulgaria is the regulatory body responsible for overseeing the non-banking financial sector in Bulgaria, including capital markets, insurance, and supplementary pension funds. Established in 2003, the FSC operates within the EU regulatory framework and has attracted a number of forex and CFD brokers seeking European licences due to its relatively accessible licensing process.

The Securities Commission of The Bahamas is the statutory body responsible for the administration of the Securities Industry Act and the Investment Funds Act in The Bahamas. Established in 1995, the SCB regulates the securities industry, investment funds, and financial and corporate service providers. The Bahamas is a well-known offshore financial centre with a growing number of registered broker-dealers.

The Gibraltar Financial Services Commission is the independent regulatory body for financial services in Gibraltar. Established in 1989, the GFSC supervises banking, insurance, investment services, and has pioneered regulation of distributed ledger technology firms. Post-Brexit, Gibraltar maintains its own regulatory framework that was largely derived from EU standards prior to the UK's departure.

The Capital Markets Authority of Lebanon is the independent regulatory authority responsible for regulating and developing the capital markets in Lebanon. Established in 2011 under Law 161, the CMA oversees the Beirut Stock Exchange, licensed intermediaries, and collective investment schemes. The authority's operational capacity has been significantly affected by Lebanon's ongoing financial and economic crisis.

The National Bank of the Republic of Belarus is the central bank and primary financial regulator of Belarus. Since 2015, the NBRB has regulated forex activities through a dedicated licensing framework under Presidential Decree No. 231. The regulator oversees a limited number of licensed forex companies operating within Belarus, maintaining basic regulatory standards for the domestic market.

The Bank of Lithuania (Lietuvos bankas) is the central bank and integrated financial market supervisor of Lithuania. The Bank of Lithuania has become one of the most active EU fintech licensing hubs, attracting hundreds of electronic money institutions, payment institutions, and investment firms through its efficient licensing process and supportive regulatory environment.

The National Bank of Georgia is the central bank and primary financial regulatory authority of Georgia. Established in 1991 following independence, the NBG oversees banking, microfinance organisations, currency exchange offices, and securities market participants. The NBG has been progressively developing its regulatory framework for investment firms and brokerage activities in line with international standards.

The Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia is Colombia's integrated financial supervisor, created in 2005 from the merger of the Superintendencia Bancaria and the Superintendencia de Valores. The SFC oversees banks, insurance companies, securities firms, and other financial entities operating in Colombia, enforcing consumer protection and market integrity across the country's financial sector.

The Bank of Ghana is the central bank and primary financial regulator of the Republic of Ghana. Established in 1957, the BoG is responsible for monetary policy, banking supervision, and the regulation of foreign exchange activities. It oversees all banks, specialised deposit-taking institutions, and forex bureaux operating within the country.

The Financial Supervisory Commission of the Cook Islands is the regulatory authority responsible for the supervision and regulation of financial services in the Cook Islands. Established in 2003, the FSC oversees banking, insurance, trustee companies, and international companies operating within the territory. The jurisdiction is a small Pacific Island nation with a limited regulatory infrastructure.

The International Registries Inc. (IRI) administers the Marshall Islands maritime and corporate registry. While primarily known as the world's third-largest ship registry, the Marshall Islands is also used by some financial service companies for corporate registration. The registry does not function as a financial regulator and does not provide oversight of trading activities or investor protection.

The Capital Market Authority of Montenegro (Komisija za tržište kapitala) is the independent regulatory body responsible for the oversight and regulation of the securities market in Montenegro. Established in 2000, the SCMN supervises investment firms, stock exchanges, and other capital market participants as Montenegro works toward EU accession and alignment with European financial standards.

The Registry of Companies and Intellectual Property (ROCIP) is the Saint Lucian government body responsible for the registration and administration of companies, business names, and intellectual property. ROCIP is not a financial regulator and does not provide oversight of trading activities. Forex companies registered through ROCIP are simply incorporated entities without regulatory supervision of their financial services.

The Anjouan Offshore Finance Authority is the licensing body for international financial services on the island of Anjouan (Nzwani) in the Union of Comoros. AOFA provides offshore licences for forex brokers, international business companies, and other financial service providers. The jurisdiction is known for its very low barriers to entry and minimal ongoing regulatory requirements.

The Anguilla Commercial Online Registration Network (ACORN) is the electronic registry system for commercial entities in Anguilla, a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean. ACORN handles company incorporation and registration but does not function as a financial regulator. Companies registered in Anguilla for financial services purposes do not receive the same level of regulatory supervision as those licensed by dedicated financial authorities.

The Saint Lucia International Financial Centre is the government body responsible for promoting and administering Saint Lucia's offshore financial services sector. Established to attract international business, the IFC oversees the registration of international business companies, international trusts, and other offshore vehicles. The level of financial regulatory oversight is minimal compared to established jurisdictions.

The Nauru International Services Authority was the body responsible for registering and administering offshore entities in the Republic of Nauru, a small island state in the Pacific. Nauru has historically been associated with minimal financial oversight, and its offshore financial services sector has been subject to international scrutiny. The jurisdiction provides no meaningful investor protection for financial services.

The Superintendencia General de Seguros (SUGESE) is Costa Rica's insurance market regulator, established in 2008 following the liberalisation of the country's insurance sector. SUGESE is responsible for the authorisation, regulation, and supervision of insurance companies, reinsurers, and insurance intermediaries operating in Costa Rica. It does not directly regulate forex or securities markets.

The Swiss Banking Ombudsman is an independent information and mediation body for clients of Swiss banks and securities dealers. Founded in 1993 by the Swiss Bankers Association, the Ombudsman offers free dispute resolution services and acts as a neutral intermediary between financial institutions and their customers. It is not a regulator and cannot issue binding decisions.

The Financial Ombudsman Service (FOS) is the United Kingdom's official dispute resolution body for financial services complaints. Established in 2001 under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, the FOS provides a free, independent service to resolve disputes between consumers and FCA-authorised financial businesses. Its decisions are binding on firms but not on consumers, who retain the right to pursue legal action.

The Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS) is the United Kingdom's statutory deposit insurance and investors compensation scheme for customers of FCA-authorised financial services firms. Established in 2001 under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, the FSCS provides a safety net for consumers when authorised firms fail, covering deposits, investments, insurance, and mortgage advice up to specified limits.

The Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (FINTRAC) is Canada's financial intelligence unit, established in 2000 under the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act. FINTRAC is responsible for the detection, prevention, and deterrence of money laundering and terrorist financing. It is not a prudential regulator of financial firms, but all money services businesses including forex dealers must register with FINTRAC and comply with its reporting obligations.

BAPPEBTI (Badan Pengawas Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi) is the Commodity Futures Trading Regulatory Agency of Indonesia, operating under the Ministry of Trade. Established in 2000, BAPPEBTI regulates all commodity futures trading including forex margin trading in Indonesia. It oversees futures exchanges, clearing houses, and licensed brokers, enforcing strict compliance standards for the protection of Indonesian investors.

The Kuwait Chamber of Commerce and Industry is a self-regulatory body representing the private sector in Kuwait. Founded in 1959, the KCCI serves as the voice of Kuwaiti businesses, providing commercial registration services, arbitration for trade disputes, and advocacy for the business community. It is not a financial regulator but plays a role in the broader commercial governance framework in Kuwait.